RPPAL - Raspberry Pi Peripheral Access Library

RPPAL provides access to the Raspberry Pi's GPIO, I2C, PWM, SPI and UART peripherals through a user-friendly interface. In addition to peripheral access, RPPAL also offers support for USB to serial adapters.

The library can be used in conjunction with a variety of platform-agnostic drivers through its embedded-hal trait implementations. Both embedded-hal v0.2.7 and v1 are supported.

RPPAL requires a recent release of Raspberry Pi OS. Similar Linux distributions may work, but are unsupported. Both GNU and musl libc targets are supported. RPPAL is compatible with the Raspberry Pi A, A+, B, B+, 2B, 3A+, 3B, 3B+, 4B, 5, CM, CM 3, CM 3+, CM 4, CM 5, CM 5 Lite, 400, 500, Zero, Zero W and Zero 2 W.

This library is currently in 'maintenance mode'. RPPAL will still receive updates for bugfixes and to add support for new Pi devices. A 1.0 release is planned as well. If you have a feature request you're willing to implement yourself, please open an issue first to discuss the details.

RPPAL is under development on the master branch of the repository on GitHub. If you're looking for the README.md or the examples directory for the latest release or any of the earlier releases, visit crates.io, download an archived release from the GitHub releases page, or clone and checkout the relevant release tag.

Table of contents

• Usage
• Examples
• Optional features
• Supported peripherals
  • GPIO
  • I2C
  • PWM
  • SPI
  • UART
• Cross compilation
  • Cargo
  • Visual Studio Code
• Caution
• Copyright and license

Usage

Add a dependency for rppal to your Cargo.toml using cargo add rppal, or by adding the following line to your dependencies section.

[dependencies]
rppal = "0.22.1"

If your project requires embedded-hal trait implementations, specify either the hal or hal-unproven feature flag in the dependency declaration.

[dependencies]
rppal = { version = "0.22.1", features = ["hal"] }

Call new() on any of the peripherals to construct a new instance.

use rppal::gpio::Gpio;
use rppal::i2c::I2c;
use rppal::pwm::{Channel, Pwm};
use rppal::spi::{Bus, Mode, SlaveSelect, Spi};
use rppal::uart::{Parity, Uart};

let gpio = Gpio::new()?;
let i2c = I2c::new()?;
let pwm = Pwm::new(Channel::Pwm0)?;
let spi = Spi::new(Bus::Spi0, SlaveSelect::Ss0, 16_000_000, Mode::Mode0)?;
let uart = Uart::new(115_200, Parity::None, 8, 1)?;

Access to some peripherals may need to be enabled first through sudo raspi-config or by editing /boot/firmware/config.txt. Refer to the relevant module's documentation for any required steps.

Examples

This example demonstrates how to blink an LED connected to a GPIO pin. Remember to add a resistor of an appropriate value in series, to prevent exceeding the maximum current rating of the GPIO pin and the LED.

use std::error::Error;
use std::thread;
use std::time::Duration;

use rppal::gpio::Gpio;
use rppal::system::DeviceInfo;

// Gpio uses BCM pin numbering. BCM GPIO 23 is tied to physical pin 16.
const GPIO_LED: u8 = 23;

fn main() -> Result<(), Box<dyn Error>> {
    println!("Blinking an LED on a {}.", DeviceInfo::new()?.model());

    let mut pin = Gpio::new()?.get(GPIO_LED)?.into_output();

    // Blink the LED by setting the pin's logic level high for 500 ms.
    pin.set_high();
    thread::sleep(Duration::from_millis(500));
    pin.set_low();

    Ok(())
}

Additional examples can be found in the examples directory.

Optional features

By default, all optional features are disabled. You can enable a feature by specifying the relevant feature flag(s) in the dependency declaration for rppal in your Cargo.toml.

• hal - Enables embedded-hal trait implementations for all supported peripherals. This doesn't include unproven traits.
• hal-unproven - Enables embedded-hal trait implementations for all supported peripherals, including traits marked as unproven. Note that embedded-hal's unproven traits don't follow semver rules. Patch releases may introduce breaking changes.

Supported peripherals

GPIO

To ensure fast performance, RPPAL controls the GPIO peripheral by directly accessing the registers through either /dev/gpiomem or /dev/mem. GPIO interrupts are configured using the gpiochip character device.

Features

• Get/set pin mode and logic level
• Configure built-in pull-up/pull-down resistors
• Synchronous and asynchronous interrupt handlers
• Software-based PWM implementation
• Optional embedded-hal trait implementations

I2C

The Broadcom Serial Controller (BSC) peripheral controls a proprietary bus compliant with the I2C bus/interface. RPPAL communicates with the BSC using the i2cdev character device.

Features

• Single master, 7-bit slave addresses, transfer rates up to 400 kbit/s (Fast-mode)
• I2C basic read/write, block read/write, combined write+read
• SMBus protocols: Quick Command, Send/Receive Byte, Read/Write Byte/Word, Process Call, Block Write, PEC
• Optional embedded-hal trait implementations

PWM

RPPAL controls the Raspberry Pi's PWM peripheral through the pwm sysfs interface.

Features

• Up to four hardware PWM channels depending on the Raspberry Pi model
• Configurable frequency, duty cycle and polarity
• Optional embedded-hal trait implementations

SPI

RPPAL controls the Raspberry Pi's main and auxiliary SPI peripherals through the spidev character device.

Features

• SPI master, mode 0-3, Slave Select active-low/active-high, 8 bits per word, configurable clock speed
• Half-duplex reads, writes, and multi-segment transfers
• Full-duplex transfers and multi-segment transfers
• Customizable options for each segment in a multi-segment transfer (clock speed, delay, SS change)
• Reverse bit order helper function
• Optional embedded-hal trait implementations

UART

RPPAL controls the Raspberry Pi's UART peripherals through the ttyAMA0 (PL011) and ttyS0 (mini UART) character devices. USB to serial adapters are controlled using the ttyUSBx and ttyACMx character devices.

Features

• Support for UART peripherals (PL011, mini UART) and USB to serial adapters
• None/Even/Odd/Mark/Space parity, 5-8 data bits, 1-2 stop bits
• Transfer rates up to 4 Mbit/s (device-dependent)
• XON/XOFF software flow control
• RTS/CTS hardware flow control with automatic pin configuration
• Optional embedded-hal trait implementations

Cross compilation

If you're not working directly on a Raspberry Pi, you'll have to cross-compile your code for the appropriate ARM architecture. Check out this guide for more information, or try the cross project for "zero setup" cross compilation.

Cargo

For manual cross-compilation without the use of cross, you will need to install the appropriate target. Most Raspberry Pi models either need the armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf target for 32-bit Linux distributions, or aarch64-unknown-linux-gnu for 64-bit. For some models, like the Raspberry Pi Zero, a different target triple is required.

Install the relevant target using rustup.

rustup target install armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf

In the root directory of your project, create a .cargo subdirectory, and save the following snippet to .cargo/config.toml.

[build]
target = "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"

Visual Studio Code

The rust-analyzer extension for Visual Studio Code needs to be made aware of the target platform by setting the rust-analyzer.cargo.target configuration option. In the root directory of your project, create a .vscode subdirectory, and then save the following snippet to .vscode/settings.json.

{
    "rust-analyzer.cargo.target": "armv7-unknown-linux-gnueabihf"
}

Caution

Always be careful when working with the Raspberry Pi's peripherals, especially if you attach any external components to the GPIO pins. Improper use can lead to permanent damage.

Copyright and license

Copyright (c) 2017-2024 Rene van der Meer. Released under the MIT license.