## ruint

Unsigned integer type with cont-generic bit length

### 14 releases(stable)

 1.7.0 Nov 1, 2022 Oct 29, 2022 Jun 9, 2022 May 31, 2022 May 15, 2022

#36 in Math

Used in 7 crates (2 directly)

410KB
9K SLoC

# Rust uint crate using const-generics

Implements [Uint<BITS, LIMBS>], the ring of numbers modulo $2^{\mathsf{BITS}}$. It requires two generic arguments: the number of bits and the number of 64-bit 'limbs' required to store those bits.

# use ruint::Uint;
let answer: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(42);


You can compute LIMBS yourself using $\mathsf{LIMBS} = \left\lceil{\mathsf{BITS} / 64}\right\rceil$, i.e.LIMBS equals BITS divided by $64$ rounded up. [Uint] will panic! if you try to construct it with incorrect arguments. Ideally this would be a compile time error, but that is blocked by Rust issue #60551.

A more convenient method on stable is to use the [uint!] macro, which constructs the right [Uint] for you.

# use ruint::{Uint, uint};


You can also use one of the pre-computed type [aliases]:

# use ruint::Uint;
use ruint::aliases::*;



You can of course also create your own type alias if you need a funny size:

# use ruint::Uint;
type U1337 = Uint<1337, 21>;



## Rust nightly

If you are on nightly, you can use [Uint<BITS>][nightly::Uint] which will compute the number of limbs for you. Unfortunately this can not be made stable without generic_const_exprs support (Rust issue #76560).

# #[cfg(has_generic_const_exprs)] {
use ruint::nightly::Uint;

# }


Even on nightly, the ergonomics of Rust are limited. In the example above Rust requires explicit type annotation for [Uint::from], where it did not require it in the stable version. There are a few more subtle issues that make this less ideal than it appears. It also looks like it may take some time before these nightly features are stabilized.

## Examples

use ruint::Uint;

let a: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(0xf00f_u64);
let b: Uint<256, 4> = Uint::from(42_u64);
let c  = a + b;
assert_eq!(c, Uint::from(0xf039_u64));


There is a convenient macro [uint!] to create constants for you. It allows for arbitrary length constants using standard Rust integer syntax. The size of the [Uint] is specified with a U suffix followed by the number of bits. The standard Rust syntax of decimal, hexadecimal and even binary and octal is supported using their prefixes 0x, 0b and 0o. Literals can have underscores _ added for readability.

# use ruint::uint;
let cow = uint!(0xc85ef7d79691fe79573b1a7064c19c1a9819ebdbd1faaab1a8ec92344438aaf4_U256);


In fact, this macro recurses down the parse tree, so you can apply it to entire source files:

# use ruint::uint;
uint!{

let a = 42_U256;
let b = 0xf00f_1337_c0d3_U256;
let c = a + b;
assert_eq!(c, 263947537596669_U256);

}


## Feature flags

There is support for a number of crates. These are enabled by setting the identically named feature flag.

## Building and testing

Format, lint, build and test everything (I recommend creating a shell alias for this):

cargo fmt &&\
cargo clippy --all-features --all-targets &&\
cargo test --workspace --all-features --doc -- --nocapture &&\
cargo test --workspace --all-features --all-targets -- --nocapture &&\
cargo doc --workspace --all-features --no-deps


Run benchmarks with the provided .cargo/config.toml alias

cargo criterion


Check documentation coverage

RUSTDOCFLAGS="-Z unstable-options --show-coverage"  cargo doc --workspace --all-features --no-deps


## Features

• All the quality of life features one could want.
• Compatible with std u64, etc types. See Rust's integer methods.
• Adhere to Rust API Guidelines
• Montgomery REDC and other algo's for implementing prime fields.

## To do

• Builds no-std and wasm.
• Fast platform agnostic generic algorithms.
• Target specific assembly optimizations (where available).
• Optional num-traits, etc, support.
• Run-time sized type with compatible interface.

~0.7–12MB
~228K SLoC