## rnltk

Natural Language Toolkit for Rust

### 8 releases

Uses new Rust 2021

 0.3.0 Dec 27, 2022 Nov 12, 2022 Nov 2, 2022 Oct 30, 2022

#520 in Text processing

135KB
1K SLoC

# rnltk

This crate is designed to create a general tooklit for natural language processing, a current deficiency in the Rust ecosystem.

Project can be found on crates.io.

## Examples

Check out the examples folder to see how to create a sentiment lexicon and get the arousal level for a term.

## Sentiment

The sentiment analysis was originally designed by Dr. Christopher Healey and then ported to Rust for the purpose of this project.

## Token

Basic tokenization is supported right now (string to sentences, string to tokens, term frequencies), but there are plans to expand this to include stop word removal as well.

## Stem

Stemming currently uses modified code from rust-stem, but this may switch to the rust-stemmers crate after further research.

## TF-IDF

Term frequency–inverse document frequency (TF-IDF) is an algorithm used to find document similarity. Creating a TF-IDF matrix takes place over two steps:

1. Apply a weight, $w_{i,j}$, for every term, $t_i$, in the document, $D_j$. $w_{i,j}$ is defined as $tf_{i,j} \times idf_i$, where $tf_{i,j}$ is the number of occurrences of $t_i$ in $D_j$, and $idf_i$ is the log of inverse fraction of documents $n_i$ that contain at least one occurrence of $t_i, idf_i = ln(\frac{n}{n_i})$.
2. Take the weighted matrix and then normalize each document vector in order to remove the influence of document length.

The weighted, normalized matrix can then be used to find the cosine similarity between documents. Normally, calculating the cosine similarity of two document vectors would look like $\cos(\theta) = \frac{D_i \cdot D_j}{|D_i| |D_j|}$. Since the matrix is already normalized, this simplifies to $\cos(\theta) = D_i \cdot D_j$.

The resulting $MxM$ matrix, where $M$ is the number of columns from the TF-IDF matrix, has 1's along the diagonal since the similarity of a document with itself is 1. The intersections of rows and columns, $M_{i,j}$, is the cosine similarity value between $D_i$ and $D_j$.

## LSA

Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA) finds document similarity based on the idea of concepts. LSA starts with the $m \times n$ TF-IDF matrix and uses Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) to reduce dimensionality of the matrix. The $k$ largest singular values are chosen to produce a reduced ${V_k}^T$ matrix, with $1 \le k \le n$. Each document column in the ${V_k}^T$ matrix is normalized and then we dot product them together. To shift the resulting dot product from a range of [-1...-1] to [0...1], we add 1 to the dot product and then divide by 2 ($\frac{1 + \cos(\theta)}{2}$).

The resulting $MxM$ matrix, where $M$ is the number of columns from the TF-IDF matrix, has 1's along the diagonal since the similarity of a document with itself is 1. The intersections of rows and columns, $M_{i,j}$, is the cosine similarity value between $D_i$ and $D_j$.