Native Windows GUI

Welcome to Native Windows GUI (aka NWG). A rust library to develop native GUI applications on the desktop for Microsoft Windows.

NWG is a very light wrapper over WINAPI. It allows you, the developer, to handle the quirks and rough edges of the API by providing a simple, safe and rust-like interface.

Native Windows GUI keeps things simple. This means small compile times, minimal resource usage, less time searching the documentation and more time for you to develop your application.

Of course, you don't have to take my word for it, check out the showcase and the examples.

This is the 3rd and final version of NWG. It is considered "mature" or, as I would say "the backlog is empty, and it will most likely stay that way". This version implements pretty much everything required to develop applications on Windows. Don't bother using the older versions as they have "irreconcilable design decisions" and cannot support some key features. Future development will be done in other libraries.

If you've managed to read through this introduction, you should know that my twitter handle is #gdube_dev and you can support this project with GitHub Sponsors.

Any support is greatly appreciated.

Installation

To use NWG in your project add it to cargo.toml:

[dependencies]
native-windows-gui = "1.0.12"
native-windows-derive = "1.0.3" # Optional. Only if the derive macro is used.

And then, in main.rs or lib.rs :

extern crate native_windows_gui as nwg;
extern crate native_windows_derive as nwd;  // Optional. Only if the derive macro is used.

Rust 2018 aliasing

You can skip the extern crate define in your source code by adding the following code in Cargo.toml Note that procedural macros still require an extern crate definition, so this wont work with native-windows-derive

[dependencies]
nwg = {version = "^1.0.12", package = "native-windows-gui"}

Trying it out

See it for yourself. NWG has plenty of examples and a fully interactive test suite. The only thing you need to do is:

git clone git@github.com:gabdube/native-windows-gui.git

cd native-windows-gui/native-windows-gui # Running the tests from the workspace screws up the features

cargo test everything --features "all"  # For the test suite
cargo run --example basic
cargo run --example calculator
cargo run --example message_bank
cargo run --example image_decoder_d --features "extern-canvas"
cargo run --example partials --features "listbox frame combobox"
cargo run --example system_tray --features "tray-notification message-window menu cursor"
cargo run --example dialog_multithreading_d --features "notice"
cargo run --example image_decoder_d --features "image-decoder file-dialog"
cargo run --example month_name_d --features "winnls textbox"
cargo run --example splash_screen_d --features "image-decoder"
cargo run --example drop_files_d --features "textbox"

cd examples/opengl_canvas
cargo run

# The closest thing to a real application in the examples
cd ../examples/sync-draw
cargo run

# Requires the console to be run as Admin because of the embed resource
cd ../examples/embed_resources
cargo run

Cross-compiling from Ubuntu

Requirement: MinGW compiler

sudo apt install gcc-mingw-w64-x86-64

Requirement: Rust support

rustup target add x86_64-pc-windows-gnu

Compiling and running basic example:

cargo build --release --target=x86_64-pc-windows-gnu
cargo build --release --target=x86_64-pc-windows-gnu --example basic
wine target/x86_64-pc-windows-gnu/release/examples/basic.exe

Supported features

• The WHOLE winapi control library (reference)
  • Some very niche controls are not supported: flat scroll bar, ip control, rebar, and pager.
• Menus and menu bar
• Image and font resource
  • BMP
  • ICO
  • CUR
  • PNG*
  • GIF*
  • JPG*
  • TIFF*
  • DDS*
  • *: Extended image formats with the Windows Imaging Component (WIC).
• Localization support
  • Uses Windows National Language Support internally (reference)
• Tooltip
• System tray notification
• Cursor handling
• A full clipboard wrapper
• Partial templates support
  • Split large application into chunks
• Dynamic controls support
  • Add/Remove controls at runtime
  • Bind or unbind new events at runtime
• Multithreaded application support
  • Communicate to the GUI thread from another thread
  • Run multiple windows on different threads
• Simple layout configurations
  • FlexboxLayout
  • GridLayout
• Drag and drop
  • Drop files from the desktop to a window
• The most common dialog boxes
  • File dialog (save, open, open folder)
  • Font dialog
  • Color dialog
• A canvas that can be used by external rendering APIs
• High-DPI aware
• Support for accessibility functions
  • Tab navigation
• Support for low level system message capture (HWND, MSG, WPARAM, LPARAM)
• Cross compiling and testing from Linux to Windows with Wine and mingw.
  • Not all features are supported (but the majority are, thanks WINE!)
  • See https://zork.net/~st/jottings/rust-windows-and-debian.html for the steps to follow

Performance

This was measured on a Intel(R) Core(TM) i7-3770 CPU @ 3.40GHz, 3401 Mhz, 4 Core(s), 8 Logical Processor(s)

In release mode, the basic example weighs 163kb on disk and takes 900kb in memory. Launch time is instantaneous.

The interactive test suite (with every feature and 100s of tests) weighs 931 kb on disk and takes 8MB in memory. Launch time is still instantaneous.

Initial build time takes around 22 seconds for a basic application. This is mainly due to winapi-rs initial compile time. Subsequent compile time takes around 0.7 seconds.

Development

The development of this library is considered "done". By that, I mean that there won't be any change to the API. Issues can be raised if a bug is found or if some area in the documentation is unclear. If I overlooked a very important feature, it will most likely be added.

License

NWG uses the MIT license

Code example

With native windows derive

#![windows_subsystem = "windows"]
/*!
    A very simple application that shows your name in a message box.
    Unlike `basic_d`, this example uses layout to position the controls in the window
*/


extern crate native_windows_gui as nwg;
extern crate native_windows_derive as nwd;

use nwd::NwgUi;
use nwg::NativeUi;


#[derive(Default, NwgUi)]
pub struct BasicApp {
    #[nwg_control(size: (300, 115), position: (300, 300), title: "Basic example", flags: "WINDOW|VISIBLE")]
    #[nwg_events( OnWindowClose: [BasicApp::say_goodbye] )]
    window: nwg::Window,

    #[nwg_layout(parent: window, spacing: 1)]
    grid: nwg::GridLayout,

    #[nwg_control(text: "Heisenberg", focus: true)]
    #[nwg_layout_item(layout: grid, row: 0, col: 0)]
    name_edit: nwg::TextInput,

    #[nwg_control(text: "Say my name")]
    #[nwg_layout_item(layout: grid, col: 0, row: 1, row_span: 2)]
    #[nwg_events( OnButtonClick: [BasicApp::say_hello] )]
    hello_button: nwg::Button
}

impl BasicApp {

    fn say_hello(&self) {
        nwg::modal_info_message(&self.window, "Hello", &format!("Hello {}", self.name_edit.text()));
    }
    
    fn say_goodbye(&self) {
        nwg::modal_info_message(&self.window, "Goodbye", &format!("Goodbye {}", self.name_edit.text()));
        nwg::stop_thread_dispatch();
    }

}

fn main() {
    nwg::init().expect("Failed to init Native Windows GUI");
    nwg::Font::set_global_family("Segoe UI").expect("Failed to set default font");
    let _app = BasicApp::build_ui(Default::default()).expect("Failed to build UI");
    nwg::dispatch_thread_events();
}

Barebone example. Suitable if you only need a simple static UI

#![windows_subsystem = "windows"]
/**
    A very simple application that show your name in a message box.

    This demo shows how to use NWG without the NativeUi trait boilerplate.
    Note that this way of doing things is alot less extensible and cannot make use of native windows derive.

    See `basic` for the NativeUi version and `basic_d` for the derive version
*/
extern crate native_windows_gui as nwg;
use std::rc::Rc;

fn main() {
    nwg::init().expect("Failed to init Native Windows GUI");
    nwg::Font::set_global_family("Segoe UI").expect("Failed to set default font");

    let mut window = Default::default();
    let mut name_edit = Default::default();
    let mut hello_button = Default::default();
    let layout = Default::default();

    nwg::Window::builder()
        .size((300, 115))
        .position((300, 300))
        .title("Basic example")
        .build(&mut window)
        .unwrap();

    nwg::TextInput::builder()
        .text("Heisenberg")
        .focus(true)
        .parent(&window)
        .build(&mut name_edit)
        .unwrap();

    nwg::Button::builder()
        .text("Say my name")
        .parent(&window)
        .build(&mut hello_button)
        .unwrap();

    nwg::GridLayout::builder()
        .parent(&window)
        .spacing(1)
        .child(0, 0, &name_edit)
        .child_item(nwg::GridLayoutItem::new(&hello_button, 0, 1, 1, 2))
        .build(&layout)
        .unwrap();

    let window = Rc::new(window);
    let events_window = window.clone();

    let handler = nwg::full_bind_event_handler(&window.handle, move |evt, _evt_data, handle| {
        use nwg::Event as E;

        match evt {
            E::OnWindowClose => 
                if &handle == &events_window as &nwg::Window {
                    nwg::modal_info_message(&events_window.handle, "Goodbye", &format!("Goodbye {}", name_edit.text()));
                    nwg::stop_thread_dispatch();
                },
            E::OnButtonClick => 
                if &handle == &hello_button {
                    nwg::modal_info_message(&events_window.handle, "Hello", &format!("Hello {}", name_edit.text()));
                },
            _ => {}
        }
    });

    nwg::dispatch_thread_events();
    nwg::unbind_event_handler(&handler);
}

With the NativeUi boilerplate

#![windows_subsystem = "windows"]
/*!
    A very simple application that shows your name in a message box.
    Uses layouts to position the controls in the window
*/

extern crate native_windows_gui as nwg;
use nwg::NativeUi;


#[derive(Default)]
pub struct BasicApp {
    window: nwg::Window,
    layout: nwg::GridLayout,
    name_edit: nwg::TextInput,
    hello_button: nwg::Button
}

impl BasicApp {

    fn say_hello(&self) {
        nwg::modal_info_message(&self.window, "Hello", &format!("Hello {}", self.name_edit.text()));
    }
    
    fn say_goodbye(&self) {
        nwg::modal_info_message(&self.window, "Goodbye", &format!("Goodbye {}", self.name_edit.text()));
        nwg::stop_thread_dispatch();
    }

}

//
// ALL of this stuff is handled by native-windows-derive
//
mod basic_app_ui {
    use native_windows_gui as nwg;
    use super::*;
    use std::rc::Rc;
    use std::cell::RefCell;
    use std::ops::Deref;

    pub struct BasicAppUi {
        inner: Rc<BasicApp>,
        default_handler: RefCell<Option<nwg::EventHandler>>
    }

    impl nwg::NativeUi<BasicAppUi> for BasicApp {
        fn build_ui(mut data: BasicApp) -> Result<BasicAppUi, nwg::NwgError> {
            use nwg::Event as E;
            
            // Controls
            nwg::Window::builder()
                .flags(nwg::WindowFlags::WINDOW | nwg::WindowFlags::VISIBLE)
                .size((300, 115))
                .position((300, 300))
                .title("Basic example")
                .build(&mut data.window)?;

            nwg::TextInput::builder()
                .text("Heisenberg")
                .parent(&data.window)
                .focus(true)
                .build(&mut data.name_edit)?;

            nwg::Button::builder()
                .text("Say my name")
                .parent(&data.window)
                .build(&mut data.hello_button)?;

            // Wrap-up
            let ui = BasicAppUi {
                inner: Rc::new(data),
                default_handler: Default::default(),
            };

            // Events
            let evt_ui = Rc::downgrade(&ui.inner);
            let handle_events = move |evt, _evt_data, handle| {
                if let Some(ui) = evt_ui.upgrade() {
                    match evt {
                        E::OnButtonClick => 
                            if &handle == &ui.hello_button {
                                BasicApp::say_hello(&ui);
                            },
                        E::OnWindowClose => 
                            if &handle == &ui.window {
                                BasicApp::say_goodbye(&ui);
                            },
                        _ => {}
                    }
                }
            };

           *ui.default_handler.borrow_mut() = Some(nwg::full_bind_event_handler(&ui.window.handle, handle_events));

           // Layouts
           nwg::GridLayout::builder()
            .parent(&ui.window)
            .spacing(1)
            .child(0, 0, &ui.name_edit)
            .child_item(nwg::GridLayoutItem::new(&ui.hello_button, 0, 1, 1, 2))
            .build(&ui.layout)?;

            return Ok(ui);
        }
    }

    impl Drop for BasicAppUi {
        /// To make sure that everything is freed without issues, the default handler must be unbound.
        fn drop(&mut self) {
            let handler = self.default_handler.borrow();
            if handler.is_some() {
                nwg::unbind_event_handler(handler.as_ref().unwrap());
            }
        }
    }

    impl Deref for BasicAppUi {
        type Target = BasicApp;

        fn deref(&self) -> &BasicApp {
            &self.inner
        }
    }
}

fn main() {
    nwg::init().expect("Failed to init Native Windows GUI");
    nwg::Font::set_global_family("Segoe UI").expect("Failed to set default font");
    let _ui = BasicApp::build_ui(Default::default()).expect("Failed to build UI");
    nwg::dispatch_thread_events();
}

Attributions

For the icons used in the test suite (and only there):

• love.ico is made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com
• popcorn.bmp is made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
• ball.bmp is made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
• cat.jpg is made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
• weird_cat.png is made by Freepik from www.flaticon.com
• list_0.png, list_1.png, list_2.png, list_3.png are made by Smashicons from www.flaticon.com
• ice.cur is made by nrox653 from rw-designer