4 releases (breaking)

Uses old Rust 2015

0.4.0 Oct 26, 2018
0.3.0 Oct 21, 2018
0.2.0 Oct 7, 2018
0.1.0 Sep 15, 2018

#270 in Value formatting

GPL-3.0-or-later

110KB
2.5K SLoC

The main body of documentation for this crate is hosted at docs.rs.


lib.rs:

  • Overview

  • This library provides a flexible and powerful method to format data. At the
  • heart of the library lie two traits: Fmt, for things that are formattable,
  • and FormatTable, that maps placeholders in format strings to actual Fmts
  • and supply those with information they need to produce output. Unlike with
  • format! from the standard library, there is no restriction that format
  • strings need to be static; in fact the whole point of the library is to
  • allow moving as much control over formatting process into the format strings
  • themselves (and ideally those - into user-editable config files).
  • There are several impls of FormatTable, most notable for HashMaps
  • (with either str or String keys, and Borrow<dyn Fmt> values, which
  • means a bit of type annotations required to use them) and Vecs (also with
  • Borrow<dyn Fmt> elements). The method on FormatTable to format a string
  • is format(&self, format_string: &str) -> Result<String, FormattingError>
  • Format string syntax

  • A format string consists of literals and placeholders. They can be separated
  • by colons, but this is not required. Just keep in mind that colons need to
  • be escaped in literals.
  • A literal is any string not containing unescaped opening brackets "{" or
  • colons ":". Escaping is done in the usual fashion, with backslashes.
  • A placeholder has a more complex structure. Each placeholder is contained
  • within a set of curly brackets, and starts with a name of the Fmt it
  • requests formatting from. Name is a dot-separated list of segments denoting
  • access to a (possibly nested) Fmt. There must be at least one segment, and
  • empty segments are not allowed (FormattingErrors happen in both cases).
  • All of the following are valid name-only placeholders:
    • "{name}"
    • "{a.path.to.some.nested.field}"
    • r"{escapes.\{are\}.allowed}"
  • Note that trailing and leading whitespace is stripped from each segment
  • (which means that whitespace-only segments are not allowed as well as empty
  • segments).
  • The name may be followed by an arguments block. An arguments block is just a
  • valid format string surrounded by a pair of curly brackets. Colons take on a
  • special meaning in argument blocks: they separate individual arguments.
  • While in a top-level format string the following two would behave
  • identically, they are very different if used as arguments:
    • "{foo{baz}}"
    • "{foo:{baz}}"
  • If used as an argument block, the first string would form a single argument,
  • concatenating a literal "foo" and the expansion of placeholder "baz".
  • The second would form two arguments instead.
  • Here are some examples of valid placeholders with arguments:
    • "{name{simple!}}"
    • "{name{two:arguments}}"
    • "{name{{a}{b}:{c}foobar}}"
    • "{nested{{also.can.have.arguments{arg}}}}"
  • There's one limitation to the above: there is a rather arbitrary limit of
  • 100 to the allowed nesting of placeholders inside placeholders in general
  • and inside argument lists in particular, to avoid blowing the stack up by
  • mistake of from malice.
  • After the argument block (or after the name if there is no arguments) may be
  • a flags block. If the flags block follows the name, it has to be separated
  • from it by a colon. If the flags block follows an argument list, it may or
  • may not be separated from it by the colon. Flags block may be empty, or
  • contain one or more single-character flags. Flags can be repeated, the exact
  • meaning of the repetition depends on the Fmt the flags will be fed to. If
  • the flags block is followed by options (see below) it has to be terminated
  • with a colon, otherwise the colon is optional.
  • Here are some examples of placeholders with flags:
    • "{name:a=}"
    • "{name{arg}asdf}"
    • "{name{arg}:asdf:}"
  • Finally, a placeholder can contain zero or more options after the flags
  • block. Note that if the options are present, flags block must be present as
  • well (but may be empty). Options are key-value pairs, with keys being simple
  • strings with all leading and trailing whitespace stripped, while values can
  • be any valid format strings (the same caveat about nesting as with arguments
  • applies here as well). A key is separated from a value by an equals sign.
  • Key-value pairs are separated by colons. Empty values are allowed, empty
  • keys are not.
  • Here are some examples of placeholders with options:
    • "{name::opt=value}"
    • "{name::a=foo:b=baz}"
    • "{name::opt=foo{can.be.a.placeholder.as.well}}"
  • Different implementations of Fmt support different flags and options, see
  • each entry to find out which. There is also a group of common options,
  • described in a separate section below.
  • Examples

  • Let's start with something boring:
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • let i = 2;
  • let j = 5;
  • let mut table: HashMap<&str, &dyn Fmt> = HashMap::new();
  • table.insert("i", &i);
  • table.insert("j", &j);
  • let s = table.format("i = {i}, j = {j}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "i = 2, j = 5");
  • I can do that with format! too. This is a bit more fun, and shows both
  • options and flags:
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • let s = "a_really_long_string";
  • let i = 10;
  • let j = 12;
  • let mut table: HashMap<&str, &dyn Fmt> = HashMap::new();
  • table.insert("s", &s);
  • table.insert("i", &i);
  • table.insert("j", &j);
  • // (note escaped colons)
  • let s = table.format("hex\: {i:px}, octal\: {j:o}, fixed width\: {s::truncate=r5}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "hex: 0xa, octal: 14, fixed width: a_rea");
  • Can't decide if you want your booleans as "true" and "false", or "yes" and
  • "no"? Easy:
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • let a = true;
  • let b = false;
  • let mut table: HashMap<&str, &dyn Fmt> = HashMap::new();
  • table.insert("a", &a);
  • table.insert("b", &b);
  • let s = table.format("{a}, {b:y}, {b:Y}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "true, no, N");
  • And here are Vecs as format tables:
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • let i = 1;
  • let j = 2;
  • let table: Vec<&dyn Fmt> = vec![&i, &j];
  • let s = table.format("{0}, {1}, {0}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "1, 2, 1");
  • All of the above examples used references as the element type of the format
  • tables, but FormatTable is implemented (for hashmaps and vectors) for
  • anything that is Borrow<dyn Fmt>, which means boxes, and reference
  • counters and more. Tables thus can fully own the data:
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • let mut table: HashMap<String, Box> = HashMap::new();
  • table.insert("a".to_string(), Box::new(2) as Box);
  • table.insert("b".to_string(), Box::new("foobar".to_string()) as Box);
  • let s = table.format("{a}, {b}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "2, foobar");
  • This is a bit on the verbose side, though.
  • The library also suppports accessing elements of Fmts through the same
  • syntax Rust uses: dot-notation, provided the implementation of Fmt in
  • question allows it:
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable, SingleFmtError, util};
  • struct Point {
  • x: i32,
    
  • y: i32
    
  • }
  • impl Fmt for Point {
  • fn format(
    
  •     &self,
    
  •     full_name: &[String],
    
  •     name: &[String],
    
  •     args: &[String],
    
  •     flags: &[char],
    
  •     options: &HashMap<String, String>,
    
  • ) -> Result<String, SingleFmtError> {
    
  •     if name.is_empty() {
    
  •         Err(SingleFmtError::NamespaceOnlyFmt(util::join_name(full_name)))
    
  •     } else if name[0] == "x" {
    
  •         self.x.format(full_name, &name[1..], args, flags, options)
    
  •     } else if name[0] == "y" {
    
  •         self.y.format(full_name, &name[1..], args, flags, options)
    
  •     } else {
    
  •         Err(SingleFmtError::UnknownSubfmt(util::join_name(full_name)))
    
  •     }
    
  • }
    
  • }
  • let p = Point { x: 1, y: 2 };
  • let mut table: HashMap<&str, &dyn Fmt> = HashMap::new();
  • table.insert("p", &p);
  • let s = table.format("{p.x}, {p.y}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "1, 2");
  • This can be nested to arbitrary depth.
  • Errors

  • format method on FormatTables returns a `Result<String,
  • FormattingError>`. There are three primary types of these: parsing errors
  • which occur when the format string is not well-formed, errors arising from
  • usage of unknown options and flags or options with invalid values, and
  • finally errors due to requesting Fmts that are missing in the table.
  • With hard-coded format strings and rigid format tables, most of these can be
  • safely ignored, so unwrap() away.
  • Common options

  • Most pre-made implementation of Fmt honor several common options. Here's
  • a list of them, with detailed info available further in this section:
    • truncate
    • width
  • truncate: {'l', 'r'} + non-negative integer

  • Controls truncation of the field. If begins with l, left part of the
  • field that doesn't fit is truncated, if begins with r - the right part is
  • removed instead. Note that "l0" is not actually forbidden, just very
  • useless.
  • It is an InvalidOptionValue to pass anything not fitting into the template
  • in the header as the value of this option.
  • width: {'l', 'c', 'r'} + non-negative integer

  • Controls the width of the field. Has no effect if the field is already wider
  • than the value supplied. If starts with "l", the field will be
  • left-justified. If starts with "c", the field will be centered. If starts
  • with "r", the field will be right-justified.
  • It is an InvalidOptionValue to pass anything not fitting into the template
  • in the header as the value for this option.
  • Common numeric options

  • Most numeric Fmts honor these. For the detailed description skip to the end
  • of this section.
    • prec
    • round
  • prec: integer

  • Controls precision of the displayed number, with bigger values meaning more
  • significant digits will be displayed. If negative, the number will be
  • rounded, the rounding direction is controlled by the round option.
  • Positive values are accepted by integer Fmts, but have no effect.
  • It is an InvalidOptionValue to pass a string that doesn't parse as a
  • signed integer as a value to this option.
  • round: {"up", "down", "nearest"}

  • Controls the direction of rounding by the round option, and has no effect
  • without it. Defaults to nearest.
  • It is an InvalidOptionValue to pass a string different from the mentioned
  • three to this option.
  • More fun

  • Format tables are pretty flexible in the type of format units they can
  • return from the get_fmt method. They don't even have to actually contain
  • the Fmts, you can make your format tables produce format units on the fly.
  • The drawback is that you'll probably lose ability to combine format tables
  • via tuples (see below) if your Item is not &'a dyn Fmt. But variations
  • on the following are possible (and possibly useful):
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • struct Producer { }
  • impl<'a> FormatTable<'a> for Producer {
  • type Item = i32;
    
  • fn get_fmt(&'a self, name: &str) -> Option<Self::Item> {
    
  •     name.parse().ok()
    
  • }
    
  • }
  • let table = Producer { };
  • let s = table.format("{1}, {12}").unwrap();
  • assert_eq!(s, "1, 12");
  • There's also an implementation of FormatTable for tuples (up to 6-tuples)
  • that contain format tables with the same Item type. It searches the format
  • tables in order and uses the first Fmt successfully returned by get_fmt.
  • This is particularly useful with Mono format table from the extras
  • module. It allows to easily combine format tables or provide defaults or
  • overrides without modifying the tables in question.
  • use std::collections::HashMap;
  • use pfmt::{Fmt, FormatTable};
  • use pfmt::extras::Mono;
  • let a = Mono("a", 5);
  • let b = Mono("b", "foo");
  • let t = {
  • let mut res: HashMap<&str, Box<dyn Fmt>> = HashMap::new();
    
  • res.insert("a", Box::new("not five"));
    
  • res.insert("b", Box::new("not foo"));
    
  • res
    
  • };
  • let s1 = (&a, &b, &t).format("{a}, {b}").expect("Failed to format");
  • let s2 = (&a, &t, &b).format("{a}, {b}").expect("Failed to format");
  • assert_eq!(s1, "5, foo");
  • assert_eq!(s2, "5, not foo");
  • 
    

Dependencies

~475KB