wasabi_leb128

Read and write the variable length LEB128 number format. For example:

use wasabi_leb128::{ReadLeb128, WriteLeb128};

// Vec<u8> as byte-oriented reader/writer.
let mut buf = Vec::new();

// Encoding/writing a u16 as an LEB128 byte sequence.
let original_value: u16 = 128;
buf.write_leb128(original_value).unwrap();
assert_eq!(buf, [0x80, 0x01]);

// Decoding/reading an LEB128 number back to a u16.
let value: u16 = buf.as_slice().read_leb128().unwrap();
assert_eq!(value, original_value);

For more info, see:

• Package information on crates.io
• Documentation on Docs.rs

lib.rs:

Read and write the variable length LEB128 number format.

LEB128 ("Little Endian Base 128") is used, for example in DWARF debugging information (see Appenix 4 for C pseudo code) and in the WebAssembly binary format.

Example

use wasabi_leb128::{ReadLeb128, WriteLeb128};

// Vec<u8> as byte-oriented reader/writer.
let mut buf = Vec::new();

// Encoding/writing a u16 as an LEB128 byte sequence.
let original_value: u16 = 128;
buf.write_leb128(original_value).unwrap();
assert_eq!(buf, [0x80, 0x01]);

// Decoding/reading an LEB128 number back to a u16.
let (value, bytes_read): (u16, usize) = buf.as_slice().read_leb128().unwrap();
assert_eq!(value, original_value);

See [ReadLeb128] and [WriteLeb128] traits for more information.

Related Work

Other open-source implementations of LEB128 numbers:

• LLVM: http://llvm.org/doxygen/LEB128_8h_source.html
  • Note that decodesSLEB128() seems to have no overflow checking!?
• V8: https://github.com/v8/v8/blob/4b9b23521e6fd42373ebbcb20ebe03bf445494f9/src/wasm/decoder.h#L329
  • Note some clever engineering: template-based unrolling, handling of signed and unsigned and different sizes in a single template, proper overflow checks.
• parity-wasm crate: https://github.com/paritytech/parity-wasm/blob/556a02a6d2e816044d2e486bf78123a9bc0657f5/src/elements/primitives.rs#L35
• leb128 crate: https://github.com/gimli-rs/leb128

Differences between this crate and existing Rust implementations in parity-wasm and leb128:

• Available for all primitive integers (not just u64 or i64).
• A single, combined implementation for signed/unsigned and all sizes (thanks to num_traits).
• Proper overflow checking for all target types when parsing.
• (Hopefully:) easy to understand, comments and explanations inline.