9 releases (4 major breaking)

4.0.1-beta.3	Sep 29, 2024
4.0.0-rc9	~~Sep 24, 2024~~
3.0.0	Jul 16, 2024
2.0.6	Jul 15, 2024
0.0.1	~~Feb 12, 2024~~

#97 in Debugging

MIT license

1.5MB
24K SLoC

gearbox

Gearbox is a versatile library that encompasses a wide array of functionalities, including networking, logging, railway-oriented programming extensions, and time management. Initially designed as a collection of utilities, the ultimate vision for Gearbox is to evolve into a highly optimized, standalone toolkit. The goal is to minimize external dependencies progressively, leading to a library that is lightweight and efficient. By doing so, Gearbox aims to be universally compatible, from embedded systems to WebAssembly (WASM) environments, all while maintaining simplicity and minimizing the need for boilerplate code. This development strategy positions Gearbox as a comprehensive solution for developers seeking to build efficient, scalable applications across a broad spectrum of platforms.

Features

Category	Feature	use	Description	Status
Common	TryDefault	gearbox::common::TryDefault	This is a trait used internally in `Gearbox` defining a `TryDefault` trait that returns a Result<T,Self::Error>. It can also be used in other systems.	✅
	BoxedFuture	gearbox::common::BoxedFuture	Type alias for a pinned boxed future. Used for returning dynamically dispatched futures.	✅
Error	ErrorTracer	gearbox::error::tracer::*	An error structure that builds a traceable stack of errors. It allows breaking down the error into a TypeId to define the encapsulated error for further operations. Contains information about file, line, module path, and optional error_code with display and debug. This also comes with the macro `Error!()` which sets up the `ErrorTracerExtInfo` with all the needed information (file, line, module).	⚠️
	Rail ErrorTracer	gearbox::rails::ext::map_err_tracer	Simplification for `map_err` for operating with the ErrorTracer, allowing for passing an `Error!()` or an `ErrorTracerExtInfo` for collecting all the information.	✅
Logging	Tracing Log Formatter	gearbox::log::fmt::*	Custom subscriber for formatting logs when using the rust Tracing library.	⚠️
Networking	hostname	gearbox::net::hostname	Get the hostname of the local machine.	✅
	HTTP Request	gearbox::net::http::request	Send an HTTP request. This is an extension on top of `Reqwest` that simplifies the implementation of mTLS and payload signing.	⚠️
	HTTP Request Chaining	gearbox::net::http::request_chain	Chaining system for HTTP requests, allowing for chaining requests and responses for more advanced request/response handling.	❌
Paths	Common Paths	gearbox::path::*	Common paths under Windows, Linux, and more. For example, under Linux, the config path is usually `~/.config/`.	✅
Rails	Common Extensions	gearbox::rails::ext::*	Various extension traits for operating on `Result`, `Option`, and other standard types, providing additional methods for error handling, merging results, and tapping into values.	⚠️
	Future Extensions	gearbox::rails::ext::future::*	Extensions for working with `Future` types, providing methods for mapping, chaining, and merging futures.	✅
serde	Dynamic Serialization	gearbox::serde::dynamic::*	Dynamic serialization system that allows for encoding and decoding of multiple formats. This is a simplified version of the serde library.	⚠️
	Wasm Bindgen Ser/de	gearbox::serde::wasm_bindgen::*	Implementation for WASM Bind Generator that allows for serialization/deserialization of JsValue.	✅
Storage	Web Storage	gearbox::storage::web::local_storage::*	Interface for interacting with local storage in a web environment, including features for setting, getting, and deleting data with JSON serialization/deserialization support.	🚧
	File Storage	gearbox::storage::io::file::*	Interface for interacting with file storage, including features for setting, getting, and deleting data with JSON and YAML serialization/deserialization support.	🧪
	Selective Storage	gearbox::storage::selective_storage	Trait for selective storage operations, providing methods for creating, setting, getting, and deleting storage entries.	🚧
Time	Time Stamps and more	gearbox::time::*	Timestamp system similar to Chrono, handling times and time calculations. Used throughout Gearbox instead of Chrono.	⚠️
Template	Template Engine	gearbox::template::*	Template engine responsible for rendering templates using context data and applying pipelines for data transformations. It supports pipelines for operations like date formatting and string prefixing.	⚠️

Status Icons Explanation

✅ Completed: The feature is fully implemented and tested.
❌ Not Completed: The feature is not implemented.
⚠️ Partially: The feature is partially implemented.
🚧 In Development: The feature is currently being developed.
🧪 Missing Testing: The feature is implemented but lacks testing.

Test Status

File	Line Coverage	Lines Covered	Lines Total
src/collections/const_hash_map	0.0%	0	240
src/collections/hash_map	25.76%	51	198
src/collections/simple_linked_list	100.0%	138	138
src/collections/vec_deque	95.79%	182	190
src/common	42.22%	19	45
src/error	33.33%	12	36
src/error/tracer	30.55%	150	491
src/log/tracing	37.69%	228	605
src/log/tracing/entity/deeplog	0.0%	0	537
src/log/tracing/entity/syslog	40.86%	190	465
src/log/tracing/formatter/bunyan	0.0%	0	178
src/log/tracing/formatter/deeplog	0.0%	0	148
src/log/tracing/formatter/syslog	0.0%	0	129
src/log/tracing/layer	0.0%	0	188
src/log/tracing/macros	38.46%	5	13
src/net	65.96%	31	47
src/net/http/request	43.78%	401	916
src/net/http/request/header	45.59%	119	261
src/net/http/request_chaining	88.85%	526	592
src/net/http/test	77.59%	45	58
src/net/signature	84.78%	323	381
src/rails/ext/blocking	29.98%	155	517
src/rails/ext/future	98.48%	649	659
src/rails/ext/future/ext/option	86.65%	305	352
src/rails/ext/future/ext/result	82.57%	270	327
src/rails/tracing	100.0%	113	113
src/serde/dynamic	75.0%	246	328
src/serde/dynamic/test	14.71%	5	34
src/service/discovery/entity	0.0%	0	34
src/service/discovery/services	0.0%	0	160
src/service/framework/axum	0.0%	0	197
src/storage	0.0%	0	39
src/storage/io/file	57.39%	163	284
src/sync	100.0%	6	6
src/sync/rw_arc	74.3%	506	681
src/task	96.74%	297	307
src/task/multicommand	62.05%	103	166
src/template	83.04%	240	289
src/template/pipelines	80.3%	53	66
src/time	47.51%	1029	2166

Http Request (gearbox::net::http::request)

Complete architectural overview:

classDiagram
    %% Package: request
    namespace request {
        class Client {
            +client: reqwest::Client
            +new()
            +with_client(reqwest::Client)
            +set_global_signing(Signature)
        }

        class Error {
            +UrlParser(ParseError)
            +Request(reqwest::Error)
            +NoUrl
            +HeaderValue(reqwest::header::InvalidHeaderValue)
            +DeserializeContentType(String)
            +DeserializeJson(serde_json::Error)
            +BodyError(TracerError)
        }

        class Method {
            <<enumeration>>
            Get
            Post
            Put
            Delete
            Patch
            Head
            Options
            Connect
            Trace
            None
        }

        class RequestBuilder {
            +client: Option<Arc<Client>>
            +method: Method
            +uri: Option<Url>
            +headers: HeaderMap
            +body: Body
            +content_type: String
            +signature: Option<Signature>
            +new_with_client(client: Option<Client>, method: Method, uri: Url)
            +method(T: Into<Method>)
            +uri(uri: &str)
            +header(H: Into<Header>)
            +headers(H: Into<HeaderMap>)
            +body(B: Into<Body>)
            +content_type(content_type: &str)
            +with_signing_default()
            +with_signing(signature: Signature)
            +send()
        }

        class Response {
            +status: StatusCode
            +headers: HeaderMap
            +content_length: Option<u64>
            +url: Url
            +body: BodyOwned
            +status()
            +to(T: DeserializeOwned)
        }

        class StatusCode {
            +code: u16
            +reason: &'static str
            +as_u16()
            +as_str()
        }

        class Url {
            +Simple(url: String)
        }

        class Body {
            +Empty
        }

        class BodyOwned {
            +from(box_raw: Box<reqwest::Response>)
        }
    }

    %% Relationships
    Client --> RequestBuilder
    RequestBuilder --> Response
    RequestBuilder --> Error
    Response --> StatusCode
    Response --> HeaderMap
    Response --> Url
    Response --> BodyOwned
    HeaderMap --> Header
    Header --> Name
    Header --> Values
    Values --> Value

Http Request Chaining (gearbox::net::http::request_chaining)

Complete architectural overview:

classDiagram
    %% Package: request
    namespace request {
        class Client {
            +client: reqwest::Client
            +new()
            +with_client(reqwest::Client)
            +set_global_signing(Signature)
        }

        class Error {
            +UrlParser(ParseError)
            +Request(reqwest::Error)
            +NoUrl
            +HeaderValue(reqwest::header::InvalidHeaderValue)
            +DeserializeContentType(String)
            +DeserializeJson(serde_json::Error)
            +BodyError(TracerError)
        }

        class Method {
            <<enumeration>>
            Get
            Post
            Put
            Delete
            Patch
            Head
            Options
            Connect
            Trace
            None
        }

        class RequestBuilder {
            +client: Option<Arc<Client>>
            +method: Method
            +uri: Option<Url>
            +headers: HeaderMap
            +body: Body
            +content_type: String
            +signature: Option<Signature>
            +new_with_client(client: Option<Client>, method: Method, uri: Url)
            +method(T: Into<Method>)
            +uri(uri: &str)
            +header(H: Into<Header>)
            +headers(H: Into<HeaderMap>)
            +body(B: Into<Body>)
            +content_type(content_type: &str)
            +with_signing_default()
            +with_signing(signature: Signature)
            +send()
        }

        class Response {
            +status: StatusCode
            +headers: HeaderMap
            +content_length: Option<u64>
            +url: Url
            +body: BodyOwned
            +status()
            +to(T: DeserializeOwned)
        }

        class StatusCode {
            +code: u16
            +reason: &'static str
            +as_u16()
            +as_str()
        }

        class Url {
            +Simple(url: String)
        }

        class Body {
            +Empty
        }

        class BodyOwned {
            +from(box_raw: Box<reqwest::Response>)
        }
    }

    %% Package: request_chaining
    namespace request_chaining {
        class Header {
            +name: Name
            +values: Values
        }

        class HeaderMap {
            +inner: HashMap<Name, Values>
            +get(K: Into<Name>)
            +insert(header: Header)
            +extend(headers: HeaderMap)
        }

        class Name {
            +String name
        }

        class Values {
            +Vec<Value> values
            +iter()
        }

        class Value {
            +Vec<u8> value
            +as_bytes()
            +to_vec()
        }

        class TracerError
        class Signature
        class ParseError
    }

    %% Relationships
    Client --> RequestBuilder
    RequestBuilder --> Response
    RequestBuilder --> Error
    Response --> StatusCode
    Response --> HeaderMap
    Response --> Url
    Response --> BodyOwned
    HeaderMap --> Header
    Header --> Name
    Header --> Values
    Values --> Value

Signature (gearbox::net::signature)

Payload Signature Config/Generator This object is for creating a API key signature.

This this example a static nonce is used to generate a API signature. This is to confirm the signature is as expected. The example is also using the default signature configuration.

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::sync::Arc;
use gearbox::net::signature::Signature;
use base64;

let mut signing = Signature::default();
let nonce = 1616492376594usize;

let validated_sign = base64::decode("4/dpxb3iT4tp/ZCVEwSnEsLxx0bqyhLpdfOpc6fn7OR8+UClSV5n9E6aSS8MPtnRfp32bAb0nmbRn6H8ndwLUQ==").unwrap();

let cal_sign = signing
  .var("payload", "ordertype=limit&pair=XBTUSD&price=37500&type=buy&volume=1.25")
  .var("secret_key", "kQH5HW/8p1uGOVjbgWA7FunAmGO8lsSUXNsu3eow76sz84Q18fWxnyRzBHCd3pd5nE9qa99HAZtuZuj6F1huXg==")
  .var("url", "/0/private/AddOrder")
  .nonce(Arc::new(move || -> Vec<u8> {nonce.to_string().as_bytes().to_vec()}))
  .sign();

assert_eq!(validated_sign, cal_sign)

At the time of signing is might be usefull to locking the nonce. By locking the nonce you will prevent change in the next signing. This is usefull in the default signing configuration, and if the nonce is not predictable.

In this example the signature will only generate a base64 encoded value.

extern crate alloc;

use alloc::sync::Arc;
use gearbox::net::signature::*;
use base64;

let mut signing = Signature::default();

let cal_sign = signing
    .config(SignCal::Base64Encode(SignCal::VarString("nonce".to_string()).into())).nonce_default();
let nonce = cal_sign.nonce_lock();

let b64_nonce = base64::encode(nonce.unwrap()).into_bytes();


assert_eq!(b64_nonce, cal_sign.sign());

Note: Using nonce_lock will lock the nonce until the next signing, as soon as a signing has happened the lock will be removed! Also running the lock multiple times will force the signature generator to create new nonce values.

Railway Future extension (gearbox::rails::ext::future)

FutureOptional and FutureResult Documentation

FutureOptional

An extension trait for Futures that yield Option<T> that provides a variety of convenient adapters.

`map`

Map this future's optional output to a different type, returning a new future of the resulting type.

This function is similar to the Option::map where it will change the type of the underlying future. This is useful to chain along a computation once a future has been resolved and if it is Some.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(1) };
let res = future_opt.map(|t| async move { 5 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(5));

`and_then`

Chains this future with another future if the output is Some, returning a new future of the resulting type.

This function is similar to the Option::and_then where it will chain another computation if the future resolves to Some.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(1) };
let res = future_opt.and_then(|t| async move { Some(t + 1) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(2));

`filter`

Filters the output of this future, returning None if the predicate returns false.

This function is similar to the Option::filter where it will return None if the predicate returns false.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(4) };
let res = future_opt.filter(|x| *x > 2);
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(4));

`or`

Returns this future's output if it is Some, otherwise returns the provided fallback.

This function is similar to the Option::or where it will return the provided fallback if the future resolves to None.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(4) };
let res = future_opt.or(Some(10));
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(4));

let future_opt = async { None };
let res = future_opt.or(Some(10));
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(10));

`or_else`

Returns this future's output if it is Some, otherwise calls the provided fallback function.

This function is similar to the Option::or_else where it will call the provided fallback function if the future resolves to None.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(4) };
let res = future_opt.or_else(|| async { Some(10) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(4));

let future_opt = async { None };
let res = future_opt.or_else(|| async { Some(10) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Some(10));

`unwrap_or`

Returns this future's output if it is Some, otherwise returns the provided default.

This function is similar to the Option::unwrap_or where it will return the provided default if the future resolves to None.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(4) };
let res = future_opt.unwrap_or(10);
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 4);

let future_opt = async { None };
let res = future_opt.unwrap_or(10);
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 10);

`unwrap_or_else`

Returns this future's output if it is Some, otherwise calls the provided fallback function.

This function is similar to the Option::unwrap_or_else where it will call the provided fallback function if the future resolves to None.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

let future_opt = async { Some(4) };
let res = future_opt.unwrap_or_else(|| async { 10 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 4);

let future_opt = async { None };
let res = future_opt.unwrap_or_else(|| async { 10 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 10);

`merge`

Merges this future with an optional value, producing a new future.

This function takes an additional option and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the option into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32) -> Option<u32> {
    Some(x + y)
}

let x = async { Some(1) };
let y = Some(2);

let res = x.merge(y, |var_x, var_y| func(var_x, var_y));
assert_eq!(res.await, Some(3));

`merge2`

Merges this future with two optional values, producing a new future.

This function takes two additional options and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the options into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32) -> Option<u32> {
    Some(x + y + z)
}

let x = async { Some(1) };
let y = Some(2);
let z = Some(3);

let res = x.merge2(y, z, |var_x, var_y, var_z| func(var_x, var_y, var_z));
assert_eq!(res.await, Some(6));

`merge3`

Merges this future with three optional values, producing a new future.

This function takes three additional options and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the options into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32, a: u32) -> Option<u32> {
    Some(x + y + z + a)
}

let x = async { Some(1) };
let y = Some(2);
let z = Some(3);
let a = Some(4);

let res = x.merge3(y, z, a, |var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a| func(var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a));
assert_eq!(res.await, Some(10));

`merge4`

Merges this future with four optional values, producing a new future.

This function takes four additional options and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the options into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureOptional;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32, a: u32, b: u32) -> Option<u32> {
    Some(x + y + z + a + b)
}

let x = async { Some(1) };
let y = Some(2);
let z = Some(3);
let a = Some(4);
let b = Some(5);

let res = x.merge4(y, z, a, b, |var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a, var_b| func(var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a, var_b));
assert_eq!(res.await, Some(15));

FutureResult

An extension trait for Futures that yield Result<T, E> that provides a variety of convenient adapters.

`map`

Map this future's result output to a different type, returning a new future of the resulting type.

This function is similar to the Result::map where it will change the type of the underlying future. This is useful to chain along a computation once a future has been resolved and if it is Ok.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let res = future_res.map(|t| async move { 5 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Ok(5));

`map_or`

Maps a Result by applying a function to the contained Ok value, or a default value if it is Err.

This function is similar to the Result::map_or.

Example


 {
use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let res = future_res.map_or(10, |t| async move { t + 1 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 2);

let future_res = async { Err::<i32, _>(()) };
let res = future_res.map_or(10, |t| async move { t + 1 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 10);

`map_err`

Maps a Result by applying a function to the contained Err value.

This function is similar to the Result::map_err.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Err::<u32, _>(1) };
let res = future_res.map_err(|e| async move { e + 1 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Err(2));

`and_then`

Chains this future with another future if the output is Ok, returning a new future of the resulting type.

This function is similar to the Result::and_then where it will chain another computation if the future resolves to Ok.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let res = future_res.and_then(|t| async move { Ok(t + 1) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Ok(2));

`or_else`

Returns this future's result if it is Ok, otherwise calls the provided fallback function.

This function is similar to the Result::or_else where it will call the provided fallback function if the future resolves to Err.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Ok::<_, ()>(4) };
let res = future_res.or_else(|_| async { Ok(10) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Ok(4));

let future_res = async { Err::<i32, _>(()) };
let res = future_res.or_else(|_| async { Ok(10) });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, Ok(10));

`unwrap_or_else`

Returns this future's result if it is Ok, otherwise calls the provided fallback function.

This function is similar to the Result::unwrap_or_else where it will call the provided fallback function if the future resolves to Err.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

let future_res = async { Ok::<_, ()>(4) };
let res = future_res.unwrap_or_else(|_| async { 10 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 4);

let future_res = async { Err::<i32, _>(()) };
let res = future_res.unwrap_or_else(|_| async { 10 });
let final_res = res.await;
assert_eq!(final_res, 10);

`merge`

Merges this future with a result value, producing a new future.

This function takes an additional result and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the result into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32) -> Result<u32, ()> {
    Ok(x + y)
}

let x = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let y = Ok(2);

let res = x.merge(y, |var_x, var_y| func(var_x, var_y));
assert_eq!(res.await, Ok(3));

`merge2`

Merges this future with two result values, producing a new future.

This function takes two additional results and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the results into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32) -> Result<u32, ()> {
    Ok(x + y + z)
}

let x = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let y = Ok(2);
let z = Ok(3);

let res = x.merge2(y, z, |var_x, var_y, var_z| func(var_x, var_y, var_z));
assert_eq!(res.await, Ok(6));

`merge3`

Merges this future with three result values, producing a new future.

This function takes three additional results and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the results into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32, a: u32) -> Result<u32, ()> {
    Ok(x + y + z + a)
}

let x = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let y = Ok(2);
let z = Ok(3);
let a = Ok(4);

let res = x.merge3(y, z, a, |var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a| func(var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a));
assert_eq!(res.await, Ok(10));

`merge4`

Merges this future with four result values, producing a new future.

This function takes four additional results and a function to combine the resolved value of the future and the results into a new future.

Example

use gearbox::rails::ext::future::FutureResult;

async fn func(x: u32, y: u32, z: u32, a: u32, b: u32) -> Result<u32, ()> {
    Ok(x + y + z + a + b)
}

let x = async { Ok::<_, ()>(1) };
let y = Ok(2);
let z = Ok(3);
let a = Ok(4);
let b = Ok(5);

let res = x.merge4(y, z, a, b, |var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a, var_b| func(var_x, var_y, var_z, var_a, var_b));
assert_eq!(res.await, Ok(15));

Dynamic Serialization/Deserialization (gearbox::serde::dynamic)

Simple serde is as its said, a simplified implementation of multiple repositories for serialization and deserialization.

In Short the goal is to have a single tool for serialization and deserialization, with a common interface.

Usage

Simple Serde uses .encode and .decode for encoding and decoding. Decode can be done on any Vec<u8> or &[u8] this allows for the cleanest implementation. The same goes for anything that needs to be serialized/encoded. Any type that implements the #[derive(Serialize)] can easily be encoded using .encode

Encode/Decode

.encode and .decode both takes a ContentType which defines what you are encoding/decoding from/to. an example would be [some Vec<u8>].decode("bson") or my_struct.encode("bson"). This is possible as ContentType implements the TryFrom trait for &str, String. In case the implementation is unable to decode what type you are trying to encode/decode from/to an Err result with Error::UnknownContentTypeMatchFromStr will be returned from the encoder/decoder

Anything coming out of the encoder will be of type Vec<u8> further the Vec<u8> is wrapped in a struct called Encoded this allow for further simplifications on implementation like, TryToString which will automatically try to convert Encoded to a String, in addition Encoded had implemented the Deref and DerefMut traits to make it easier to gain access to encapsulated data.

Supported formats

Bson
Cbor
FlexBuffers
Json
Json5
Lexpr
MessagePack
Pickle
Postcard
Ron
Toml
Url
Yaml
Xml (Awaiting serde-xml-rs v. >0.51)

further all string definitions of ContentType is case insensitive, and has an alternate

application/[format]
application/x-[format]

Serialization/Encode example

use core::ops::Deref;
use serde::Serialize;
#[macro_use]
use serde_derive;
use gearbox::serde::dynamic::{Encoded, SimpleEncoder, TryToString};

#[derive(Serialize)]
struct Foo {
    bar: String,
}

let my_foo = Foo {
  bar: "foobar".to_string(),
};

let encoded: Encoded = my_foo
  .encode("yaml")
  .expect("Should have been encoded in yaml");

assert_eq!(
    &vec![98, 97, 114, 58, 32, 102, 111, 111, 98, 97, 114, 10],
    encoded.deref()
);
assert_eq!(r#"bar: foobar
"#, encoded.try_to_string().unwrap())

Deserialization/Decode example

use core::ops::Deref;
use serde::Deserialize;
#[macro_use]
use serde_derive;
use gearbox::serde::dynamic::{Decoded, SimpleDecoder};

#[derive(Deserialize, Debug, PartialEq)]
struct Foo {
    bar: String,
}

let my_foo = Foo {
  bar: "foobar".to_string(),
};

let v_u8_data = &vec![45, 45, 45, 10, 98, 97, 114, 58, 32, 102, 111, 111, 98, 97, 114, 10];
let string_data = r#"---
bar: foobar
"#;

let decoded_from_v_u8: Decoded<Foo> = v_u8_data.decode("yaml").expect("Should have decoded the Vec<u8>");
let decoded_from_string: Decoded<Foo> = string_data.decode("yaml").expect("Should have decoded the String");

assert_eq!(
    Foo{bar: "foobar".to_string()},
    decoded_from_v_u8.into()
);
assert_eq!(
    Foo{bar: "foobar".to_string()},
    decoded_from_string.into()
);

RwArc (gearbox::sync::rw_arc)

The rw_arc module provides a robust and flexible mechanism for handling concurrent data access in Rust, allowing either multiple readers or a single writer to access the data. This module is designed to provide high performance and safety in multi-threaded environments. It includes various structures such as ReadArc, DetachedArc, HyperWriteArc, UpgradableArc, and WriteArc, each tailored for specific concurrent access patterns. It combines the functionality of Arc and RwLock while avoiding the constraints of lifetimes, offering more versatility and some inherent risks.

Overview

Features

Reader-Writer Locks: Allows multiple readers or a single writer to access the data, ensuring efficient data access without contention.
Upgradeable Locks: Enables a lock to be upgraded from read to write access, allowing more flexible and efficient lock management.
DetachedArcs: Provides a way to create detached instances of locks that can be later attached to the main lock, enabling flexible lock management across different contexts.
HyperLocks (Write-on-Destruct): Efficient write operations that ensure data is written back to the main storage upon destruction, optimizing for cases where write operations are deferred.

Benefits and Risks

Versatility: By combining the features of Arc and RwLock, rw_arc allows for cross-clones and other operations that are not constrained by lifetimes. This increases the flexibility of concurrent programming.
Danger: The absence of lifetime constraints can make the rw_arc module more dangerous to use, as it relies on manual guarantees of safety that are normally enforced by the Rust compiler's borrow checker.

Architecture

graph TD;
    RwArc -->|Has| RwArcInner;
    RwArcInner -->|Contains| Arc;
    Arc -->|References| Data;
    RwArc -->|Provides| ReadArc;
    RwArc -->|Provides| WriteArc;
    RwArc -->|Provides| UpgradableArc;
    RwArc -->|Provides| DetachedArc;
    RwArc -->|Provides| HyperReadArc;
    RwArc -->|Provides| HyperWriteArc;

Usage Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::RwArc;
use std::sync::Arc;

let lock: RwArc<i32> = RwArc::new(0);

// Read access
{
    let read_guard = lock.read();
    println!("Read: {}", *read_guard);
}

// Write access
{
    let mut write_guard = lock.write();
    *write_guard += 1;
    println!("Write: {}", *write_guard);
}

// Upgradeable read//!
{
    let upgradable_guard = lock.upgradeable_read();
    let write_guard = upgradable_guard.upgrade();
    println!("Upgradeable to Write: {}", *write_guard);
}

Detailed Descriptions

`ReadArc`

A read-only lock guard that allows multiple concurrent readers. Even if the underlying data is dropped, ReadArc will continue to hold the data, making it a true clone of the existing data.

Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::RwArc;
use std::sync::Arc;

let lock : RwArc<i32>= RwArc::new(0);

let read_arc = lock.read();
println!("ReadArc value: {}", *read_arc);

`DetachedArc`

A detached lock guard that can be attached to an existing RwArc. This allows for flexible lock management where locks can be created and attached later.

Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::{DetachedArc, RwArc};

let rw_arc: RwArc<i32> = RwArc::new(10);
let detached_arc = DetachedArc::new(20);

if let Some(read_arc) = detached_arc.attach_read(&rw_arc) {
    println!("Attached ReadArc value: {}", *read_arc);
}

`HyperWriteArc`

A write lock guard that ensures data written is properly stored back into the main data structure upon destruction. This is known as Write-on-Destruct (WOD) and is designed for efficient deferred write operations.

Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::RwArc;

let lock: RwArc<i32> = RwArc::new(5);
{
    let mut hyper_write_guard = lock.hyper_write();
    *hyper_write_guard = 10;
}
{
    let read_guard = lock.read();
    assert_eq!(*read_guard, 10);
}

`UpgradableArc`

An upgradable read lock guard that can be upgraded to a write lock, allowing more flexible and efficient lock management.

Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::RwArc;

let lock: RwArc<i32> = RwArc::new(5);
{
    let upgradable_guard = lock.upgradeable_read();
    let write_guard = upgradable_guard.upgrade();
    assert_eq!(*write_guard, 5);
}
{
    let read_guard = lock.read();
    assert_eq!(*read_guard, 5);
}

`WriteArc`

A write lock guard that allows modifying the data while ensuring that the modifications are safely committed.

Example

use gearbox::sync::rw_arc::RwArc;

let lock: RwArc<i32> = RwArc::new(0);
{
    let mut write_guard = lock.write();
    *write_guard += 1;
    println!("Write: {}", *write_guard);
}

RwArc (gearbox::template)

Description:

The template module provides a robust and flexible mechanism for rendering templates in Rust, allowing dynamic content insertion and transformation through pipelines. This module is designed to provide high performance and safety in template rendering and data transformation. It includes various structures such as TemplateEngine, TemplateContext, PipelineManager, DatePipeline, and PrefixPipeline, each tailored for specific templating patterns. It combines the functionality of a template parser and a pipeline manager, offering versatility and simplicity in template rendering.

Features

TemplateEngine: Responsible for rendering templates using context data and applying pipelines for data transformations.
TemplateContext: Manages the context data for templates, allowing dynamic insertion and retrieval of values.
PipelineManager: Manages the available pipelines for data transformation, supporting default and custom pipelines.
DatePipeline: A pipeline for formatting dates.
PrefixPipeline: A pipeline for prefixing strings.

Benefits and Risks

Versatility: The module's flexibility enhances development by allowing dynamic template rendering and easy extension with custom pipelines.
Danger: Potential risks include improper pipeline usage and performance overhead from locking mechanisms in multithreaded environments.

Thread Safety

The TemplateEngine and its associated components use atomic operations and locking mechanisms for thread safety. The Mutex used for PIPELINES ensures safe concurrent access, though it may introduce performance overhead.

Breaking Cycles with Weak References

The module does not directly use weak references but employs Mutex for safe concurrent access to shared resources.

Cloning References

Creating a new reference from an existing template engine or context is done using the Clone trait implemented for TemplateEngine and TemplateContext.

use gearbox::template::{TemplateEngine, TemplateContext};

let engine = TemplateEngine::new();
let engine_clone = engine.clone();
let context = TemplateContext::new();
let context_clone = context.clone();

Deref Behavior

TemplateContext provides direct access to its internal HashMap for managing context variables, allowing easy insertion and retrieval of values.

Usage Examples

Sharing Some Immutable Data Between Threads

use gearbox::template::{TemplateEngine, TemplateContext};
use std::thread;

let engine = TemplateEngine::new();
let mut context = TemplateContext::new();
context.insert("name", Box::new("World".to_string()));

for _ in 0..10 {
    let engine = engine.clone();
    let context = context.clone();

    thread::spawn(move || {
        let result = engine.render("Hello, {{ name }}!", &context).unwrap();
        println!("{}", result);
    });
}

use gearbox::template::{TemplateEngine, TemplateContext};
use std::sync::atomic::{AtomicUsize, Ordering};
use std::sync::Arc;
use std::thread;

let engine = TemplateEngine::new();
let val = Arc::new(AtomicUsize::new(5));

for _ in 0..10 {
    let val = Arc::clone(&val);

    thread::spawn(move || {
        let v = val.fetch_add(1, Ordering::Relaxed);
        println!("{}", v);
    });
}

Detailed Descriptions

TemplateEngine

The TemplateEngine structure is the core of the template module. It is responsible for rendering templates by applying context data and utilizing pipelines for data transformation. The TemplateEngine maintains a PipelineManager which holds all available pipelines.

Fields:
- pipelines: A PipelineManager instance that manages all registered pipelines.
Methods:
- new() -> Self: Creates a new TemplateEngine instance with default pipelines.
- get_pipelines_default() -> PipelineManager: Returns the default set of pipelines.
- update_pipeline<P: Pipeline + Send + Sync + 'static>(name: &str, pipeline: P): Updates or adds a pipeline with the specified name.
- get_pipeline(name: &str) -> Option<Box<dyn Pipeline + Send + Sync>>: Retrieves a specific pipeline by name.
- get_pipelines() -> PipelineManager: Retrieves all available pipelines.
- render(&self, template: &str, context: &TemplateContext) -> Result<String, DynTracerError>: Renders a template using the provided context.

use gearbox::template::{TemplateEngine, TemplateContext};

let engine = TemplateEngine::new();
let mut context = TemplateContext::new();
context.insert("name", Box::new("World".to_string()));

let result = engine.render("Hello, {{ name }}!", &context).unwrap();
assert_eq!(result, "Hello, World!");

TemplateContext

The TemplateContext structure manages the context data used in templates. It allows for dynamic insertion and retrieval of values.

Fields:
- variables: A HashMap that stores the context variables.
Methods:
- new() -> Self: Creates a new TemplateContext instance.
- insert(&mut self, key: &str, value: Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>): Inserts a new context variable.
- get(&self, key: &str) -> Option<&Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>>: Retrieves a context variable by key.

use gearbox::template::TemplateContext;

let mut context = TemplateContext::new();
context.insert("key", Box::new("value".to_string()));
println!("TemplateContext value: {}", context.get("key").unwrap());

PipelineManager

The PipelineManager structure manages the available pipelines for data transformation.

Fields:
- 0: A HashMap that stores the pipelines.
Methods:
- Implements Deref and DerefMut traits to provide access to the internal HashMap.
- Implements Clone trait to allow cloning of the PipelineManager along with its pipelines.

use gearbox::template::{PipelineManager, pipelines::DatePipeline, Pipeline};

let mut manager = PipelineManager::default();
manager.insert("date".to_string(), DatePipeline::new().boxed_clone());
println!("PipelineManager contains date pipeline: {}", manager.contains_key("date"));

DatePipeline

The DatePipeline structure is a pipeline for formatting dates. It implements the Pipeline trait.

Fields:
- format: A String that stores the date format.
Methods:
- new() -> Self: Creates a new DatePipeline with a default format.
- format(&self, pipe_object: &Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>) -> Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>: Formats the input value using the pipeline's transformation.
- options(&self, options: &str) -> Box<dyn Pipeline + Send + Sync>: Creates a new instance of the pipeline with the specified options.
- boxed_clone(&self) -> Box<dyn Pipeline + Send + Sync>: Clones the pipeline into a boxed instance.

use gearbox::template::{Pipeline, pipelines::DatePipeline, PipelineValue};
use gearbox::time::DateTime;

let date_pipeline = DatePipeline::new();
let date = DateTime::from_date(2024, 7, 1);
let value: Box<(dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync + 'static)> = Box::new(date);
let formatted = date_pipeline.format(&value);
println!("Formatted date: {}", formatted);

PrefixPipeline

The PrefixPipeline structure is a pipeline for prefixing strings. It implements the Pipeline trait.

Fields:
- prefix: A String that stores the prefix.
Methods:
- new() -> Self: Creates a new PrefixPipeline with a default prefix.
- format(&self, pipe_object: &Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>) -> Box<dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync>: Formats the input value using the pipeline's transformation.
- options(&self, options: &str) -> Box<dyn Pipeline + Send + Sync>: Creates a new instance of the pipeline with the specified options.
- boxed_clone(&self) -> Box<dyn Pipeline + Send + Sync>: Clones the pipeline into a boxed instance.

use gearbox::template::{Pipeline, pipelines::PrefixPipeline, PipelineValue};

let prefix_pipeline = PrefixPipeline::new();
let value: Box<(dyn PipelineValue + Send + Sync + 'static)> = Box::new("value".to_string());
let prefixed = prefix_pipeline.format(&value);
println!("Prefixed value: {}", prefixed);

Architectural Diagram

graph TD;
    TemplateEngine -->|Uses| PipelineManager;
    PipelineManager -->|Contains| DatePipeline;
    PipelineManager -->|Contains| PrefixPipeline;
    TemplateEngine -->|Uses| TemplateContext;
    TemplateContext -->|Contains| Variables;
    TemplateEngine -->|Uses| Pipelines;

TODO

( gearbox::log::* ) Clean up Log fmt/syslog, some of the code can be combined and cleaned up a bit better, also the formatter supports syslog, and bunyan, this should probably be cleared up a bit more, and separated better.
( gearbox::path::* ) current this system is mainly just exposing the dirs::* library, this should be removed.
( gearbox::* ) Remove usage for Vec or move usage of std::vec::Vec to another no-std library

Current version: 4.0.0-rc3

License: MIT

Dependencies

~0–25MB
~394K SLoC