5 releases
0.2.1 | Mar 2, 2023 |
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0.2.0 | Mar 2, 2023 |
0.1.2 | Feb 15, 2023 |
0.1.1 | Feb 14, 2023 |
0.1.0 | Feb 14, 2023 |
#1176 in Rust patterns
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DDI (dynamic dependency injection)
This library provides a generic dependency injection container that can be easily integrated into any application and can be extremely extensible with the extension trait.
Dependency injection is a common design pattern , mainly used in some frameworks such as Rocket, Actix Web, bevy. With ddi
you can implement dependency injection without such frameworks, and you can implement your own framework.
Example
use ddi::*;
struct TestService(String);
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.service(1usize);
services.service("helloworld");
services.service_factory(|num: &usize, str: &&str| Ok(TestService(format!("{}{}", num, str))));
let provider = services.provider();
assert_eq!(provider.get::<TestService>().unwrap().0, "1helloworld");
std
feature
ddi
supports no-std
by default, if std
feature enabled the internal data structure will be changed from alloc::collections::BTreeMap
to std::collections::HashMap
and std::error::Error
will be implemented for DDIError
. This will give a little performance improvement and usability.
sync
feature
If sync
feature enabled, ddi
will support multi-threading and you can share ServiceProvider
between multiple threads.
! Enabling
sync
may cause your existing code to not compile! This is because enablingsync
requires instances in theServiceCollection
to implementsend + sync
andServiceFactory
to implementsend
. And default no such restrictions.
Basic Usage
First you need to register all services in the ServiceCollection
, which is a container of all services, ServiceCollection
stored a series of triplets (type, name, implementation). You can use the ServiceCollection::service
to add item to it.
For example, the following code will add a item (&str, "default", "helloworld") to the ServiceCollection
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.service("helloworld");
Here, the service "implementation" can also be a function, the factory of the service. The factory function is lazy execution, will only be executed when the service is used. For example.
services.service_factory(|| Ok("helloworld"));
The service factory can use parameters to get other services as dependencies. ddi
will pass in the corresponding services based on the type of the parameters. Due to the reference rule of rust, the type of the parameter must be an immutable reference type.
services.service_factory(|dep: &Foo| Ok(Bar::new(dep)));
When you have all the services registered, use [ServiceCollection::provider()
] to get the ServiceProvider
, and then you can get any service you want from ServiceProvider
.
let provider = services.provider();
assert_eq!(provider.get::<TestService>().unwrap().0, "helloworld");
Design Patterns
* Wrap your service with Service<T>
(Arc)
When a service wants to hold references to other services, the referenced service should be wrapped in Arc<T>
for proper lifecycle handling. ddi
defines an alias type Service<T> = Arc<T>
for such a pattern.
We recommend wrapping all services in Service<T>
to make cross-references between services easier.
That does not allow circular references, because ddi
does not allow circular dependencies, which would cause the DDIError::CircularDependencyDetected
error.
use ddi::*;
struct Bar;
struct Foo(Service<Bar>);
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.service(Service::new(Bar));
services.service_factory(
|bar: &Service<Bar>| Ok(Service::new(Foo(bar.clone())))
);
let provider = services.provider();
assert!(provider.get::<Service<Foo>>().is_ok());
* Use extension trait to expanding ServiceCollection
The extension trait makes ServiceCollection
extremely extensible. The following example shows the use of the extension trait to register multiple services into one function.
use ddi::*;
// ------------ definition ------------
#[derive(Clone)]
struct DbConfiguration;
struct DbService(DbConfiguration, Service<DbConnectionManager>);
struct DbConnectionManager;
pub trait DbServiceCollectionExt: ServiceCollectionExt {
fn install_database(&mut self) {
self.service(Service::new(DbConnectionManager));
self.service_factory(
|config: &DbConfiguration, cm: &Service<DbConnectionManager>|
Ok(Service::new(DbService(config.clone(), cm.clone())))
);
self.service(DbConfiguration);
}
}
impl<T: ServiceCollectionExt> DbServiceCollectionExt for T {}
// -------------- usage ---------------
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.install_database();
let provider = services.provider();
assert!(provider.get::<Service<DbService>>().is_ok());
* Use ServiceProvider
in the factory, get other services dynamically
In our previous examples service factory used static parameters to get the dependencies, in the following example we use ServiceProvider
to get the dependencies dynamically.
use ddi::*;
trait Decoder: Send + Sync { fn name(&self) -> &'static str; }
struct HardwareDecoder;
struct SoftwareDecoder;
impl Decoder for HardwareDecoder { fn name(&self) -> &'static str { "hardware" } }
impl Decoder for SoftwareDecoder { fn name(&self) -> &'static str { "software" } }
struct Playback {
decoder: Service<dyn Decoder>
}
const SUPPORT_HARDWARE_DECODER: bool = false;
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
if SUPPORT_HARDWARE_DECODER {
services.service(Service::new(HardwareDecoder));
}
services.service(Service::new(SoftwareDecoder));
services.service_factory(
|provider: &ServiceProvider| {
if let Ok(hardware) = provider.get::<Service<HardwareDecoder>>() {
Ok(Playback { decoder: hardware.clone() })
} else {
Ok(Playback { decoder: provider.get::<Service<SoftwareDecoder>>()?.clone() })
}
}
);
let provider = services.provider();
assert_eq!(provider.get::<Playback>().unwrap().decoder.name(), "software");
* Use service_var
or service_factory_var
to register variants of service
The ServiceCollection
can register multiple variants of the same type of service, using service_var
or service_factory_var
. When registering variants you need to declare ServiceName for each variant, the default (registered using the service or service_factory function) ServiceName is "default".
The following example demonstrates how to build an http server based on service variants.
#[doc(cfg(not(feature = "sync")))]
use ddi::*;
type Route = Service<dyn Fn() -> String>;
struct HttpService {
routes: std::collections::HashMap<String, Route>
}
struct BusinessService {
value: String
}
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.service_var("/index", Service::new(|| "<html>".to_string()) as Route);
services.service_var("/404", Service::new(|| "404".to_string()) as Route);
services.service_factory_var(
"/business",
|business: &Service<BusinessService>| {
let owned_business = business.clone();
Ok(Service::new(move || owned_business.value.clone()) as Route)
}
);
services.service_factory(
|provider: &ServiceProvider| {
let routes = provider.get_all::<Route>()?
.into_iter()
.map(|(path, route)| (path.to_string(), route.clone()))
.collect();
Ok(HttpService { routes })
}
);
services.service(Service::new(BusinessService {
value: "hello".to_string()
}));
let provider = services.provider();
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/index").unwrap()(), "<html>");
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/404").unwrap()(), "404");
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/business").unwrap()(), "hello");
* Use extension trait to simplify the registration of service variants
In the previous example we used service_var
and service_factory_var
to register routes for the http server, but the code were obscure and no type checking. The following example demonstrates use extension trait to simplify the definition of routes and solve these problems.
use ddi::*;
// ------------ definition ------------
type Route = Service<dyn Fn() -> String>;
struct HttpService {
routes: std::collections::HashMap<String, Route>
}
struct BusinessService {
value: String
}
pub trait HttpCollectionExt: ServiceCollectionExt {
fn install_http(&mut self) {
self.service_factory(
|provider: &ServiceProvider| {
let routes = provider.get_all::<Route>()?
.into_iter()
.map(|(path, route)| (path.to_string(), route.clone()))
.collect();
Ok(HttpService { routes })
}
);
}
fn install_route<Param>(&mut self, path: &'static str, route: impl ServiceFn<Param, String> + 'static) {
self.service_factory_var(path, move |provider: &ServiceProvider| {
let owned_provider = provider.clone();
Ok(Service::new(move || route.run_with(&owned_provider).expect("123")) as Route)
})
}
}
impl<T: ServiceCollectionExt> HttpCollectionExt for T {}
// -------------- usage ---------------
let mut services = ServiceCollection::new();
services.install_route("/index", || "<html>".to_string());
services.install_route("/404", || "404".to_string());
services.install_route("/business", |business: &BusinessService| business.value.to_string());
services.install_http();
services.service(BusinessService {
value: "hello".to_string()
});
let provider = services.provider();
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/index").unwrap()(), "<html>");
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/404").unwrap()(), "404");
assert_eq!(provider.get::<HttpService>().unwrap().routes.get("/business").unwrap()(), "hello");
The install_route
function in the example uses the ServiceFn
trait as argument, which is a powerful type, using the ServiceFn::run_with
function to automatically extract Fn arguments from the ServiceProvider
and execute it.
License
This project is licensed under The MIT License.
Credits
Inspired by Dependency injection in .NET.